Hair treating method and composition



Patented Oct. 20, 1931 DOUGLAS 3-. PINNOCK, OF BAYONNE, NEWJ'ERSEY,ASSIGNOR TO E. FREDERIGS, INC

OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK HAIR TREATING METHOD ANDCOMPOSITION No Drawing.

This invention relates to methods and compositions for the treatment ofhair, and particularly for imparting a permanent wave thereto.

5 An object of the invention is to providean improved method and meansfor softenlng hair while imparting a permanent wave thereto. which willbe free from objectionable odors both during the steps of applicationand heating.

A more particular object is to provide an improved material for treatinghair during permanent waving containing an ingredient which will softenthe hair by the release of ammonia gas during the heating, said materialalso containing an ingredient which will act to combine with any excessof ammonia gas and prevent the escape thereof into the atmosphere.

The invention accordingly comprises a method and composition both asexemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and .the scope of theapplication of which will be indicated in the claims.

provement on the method and composition described and claimed in UnitedStates Letters Patent. No. 1.637,469, issued January 11, 1927. to JamesC. Brown and in United States Letters Patent No. 1,681,170, issuedAugust 21. 1928. to James C. Brown; and with the use of the compositionsincluded in the present invention permanent waving of human hair may becarried out in any convenient manner. such as, for example, by any ofthe methods suggested. in the first-mentioned patent.

The present invention contemplates subjecting the hair, either prior toor during 0 the heating step of the waving operation, to the action of amaterial adapted to release ammonia gas which softens the hair; therealso being present a material adapted to release carbon dioxide inamounts sufficient to 4- unite with the excess of the ammonia gas toprevent the escape thereof into the atmosphere.

Any oi" the ammonia releasing materials discussed in said patents maybeused, and Q a convenient source of the carbon dioxide The invention isin certain aspects an im-,

I Application filed August 24, 1928. Serial No. 301,935.

has been found to be either ammonium carbonate or ammonium acetate. Aspecific example of a combination of materials which has been found tobe particularly advantageous is a solution of ammonium carbonate andammonium borate in water in approximately the following proportions:-Ammonium carbonate. (NH CO grams; arm monium borate (N11 BO 3 grams;water, 300 grams. 'If there is used another source (e. g., ammoniumacetate) of carbon dioxide or other material which will act combinedwith any excess of ammonium gas, the said other source may be used insubstantially the same proportions as the ammonium carbonate specifiedin the examples. Changes in the concentration and substitution of othersources of ammonia are desirable, particularly in treating certain kindsof hair, and it is intended to include such variations in the scope ofthe present invention.

It is to be observed that ammonium carbonate and likewise ammoniumacetate) decomposes at a lower temperature than does ammonium borate,and it is to be borne in mind that hair waving treatments are conductedin a substantially closed space ordinarily provided by a wrapper ofabsorbent material about a coil of hair, and that a considcrablequantity of ammonia is used up in the hair treating process itself. Itwill be apparent that as the temperature is raised during the heating,the ammonium carbonate or analogous material begins to undergodecomposition, the ammonia gas released is Wholly or in part utilized inthe hair treatment, and there remains a considerable excess of carbondioxide which is held in the space adjacent the hair by the encirclingpad which contains the composition. As the temperature is increased tothe point where the ammonium borate begins to decompose, there will be alarge excess of carbon dioxide, i. a, all the carbon dioxide which isthe equivalent of the ammonia already utilized 95 in the treatment andstabilized by the saponifiable matter carried by the hair. As theammonium borate begins to decompose, therefore, such of the ammoniareleased by its decomposition as is not utilized in the hair 1 treatmentis free to combine with the carbon dioxide, with which the surroundngatmosphere within the enclosure is already laden to prevent the escapeof ammonia from the en'- closure, as would be the case if there wereonly excess ammonia found within the enclosure. This combination willform in those places adjacent the cool outer atmosphere where therewould otherwise be an undesired outward seepage.

To facilitate a better understanding of the method and of the use of thecomposition, there is submitted the following detailed example of atreatment conducted in accordance with the teachings of the invention:

A group of tresses of a womans hairis suitably wound upon a curler, anda pad of any suitable type which has been saturated with, or whichcontains, a composition such as contemplated by the invention is rolledupon the coil, and the roll is then enclosed in a heater. The heater isadapted to raise the temperature of the entire aforesaid group oftresses as follows:

Eight minutes 102 Ammonium carbonate starts to decompose at about 0.,whereas the ammonium borate does not begin to decompose until a temperature of about 95 is reached. It will accordingly be seen that theammonium borate serves not only to liberate boric acid for use in thehair treatment, but also serves to assure the presence of ammoniaadjacent the hair during the later stages of the treatment, at whichtime there will be a large excess of carbon dioxide in the spaceadjacent the hair.

Since certain changes in carrying outthe above process, and certainmodifications in the composition which embody the inventlon. may be madewithout departing from 1ts scope. it is intended that all mattercontained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrativeand not in a limiting sense. I It is also to be understood that thefollowing claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specificfeatures of the invention herein described, and all statements of thescope of the invention which as a matter of language might be said tofall therebetween.

,Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent is: v

1. A method of treating hair, which includes bringing into proximitywith the hair 'a mixture of ammonium boratev which decomposes at anelevated temperature and a material which will evolve carbon dioxide ata lower temperature, and applying heat thereto so as to gradually raisethe temperature thereof to said elevated temperature, while confiningthe evolved gases in a space surrounding the hair.

2. A method of treating hair. which includes bringing into proximitywith the hair a mixture of ammonium carbonate and ammonium borate in thepresence of water, and applying heat thereto so as to gradually raisethe temperature thereof sufliciently high to cause a decomposition ofthe ammonium borate, while confining the evolved gases in a spacesurrounding the hair.

3. A method of treating hair, which includes bringing into proximitywith the hair a mixture of ammonium borate and an ammonium compoundadapted to release carbon dioxide at an elevated temperature lower thanthe temperature at which ammonium borate releases ammonia and applying hat thereto gradually until said last-mention d temperature is reachedwhile confining t e evolved gases in a space surrounding th air.

4. A hair-treating composition, includmg an aqueous solution of anammonium carbonate and' ammonium borate in a ratio of 40 to 3.

5. A method for treating hair, which includes bringing into proximitywith the hair a material which upon the application of heat willliberate carbon dioxide, and a material which upon the the applicationof a higher degree of heat will liberate ammonia and a boron containingion and applying heat thereto so as to gradually raise the temperaturethereof to said higher degree of heat, while confining the evolved gasesin a space surrounding the hair.

6. A method of treating hair, which includes providing adjacent the hairan atmosphere containing an excess of a gas capable of combining withammonia to form an moifensive compound, and thereafter evolving ammoniaand a boron containing ion adjacent the hair, while maintaining theatmosphere in proximity with the hair.

7. A method of treating hair, which includes providing adjacent the hairan atmosphere containing an excess of carbon dioxide, and thereafterevolving ammonia and a boron containing ion adjacent the hair, wh 1lemaintaining the atmosphere in proximity with the hair.

8. A method of treating hair. which includes bringing into proximitywith the hair a relatively small amount of ammonium borate and arelatively large amount of an ammonium compound which upon decompositionwill liberate a gas capable of combining with ammonia to produce aninoffensive compound and which decomposes at a lower temperature thanammonium borate, and applying heat thereto soas to gradually raise thetemperature thereof to a temperature 'at which a decomposition ofammonium borate will take place, while confining the evolved gases in aspace surrounding the hair.

9. A method of treating hair, which includes bringing into proximitywith the hair a relatively large amount of ammonium carbonate and arelatively small amount of ammonium borate, and applying heat thereto soas to gradually raise the temperature thereof to a temperature at whicha decomposition of ammonium borate will take place, while confining theevolved gases in a space surrounding the hair.

10. A method of treating hair, which includes evolving in proximity tothe hair a substance capable of combining with ammonia to produce aninoifensive compound, and thereafter evolving ammonia and a boroncontaining ion inproximity with the hair while maintaining the evolvedsubstance in proximity with the hair.

11. A method of treating hair, which includes applying to a suitablecarrier a ma terial which upon the application of heat will liberate asubstance which will combine with ammonia to produce an inoffensivecompound, and a material which upon the application of a higher degreeof heat will liberate ammonia and a boron containing ion, winding thecarrier about a coil of hair upon a rate and a relatively large amountof ammonium carborate.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

DOUGLAS R. PINNOCK.

curler and providing'a covering for the carrier, and applying heatadjacent the carrier and the hair so as to gradually raise thetemperature thereof to said-higher degree of.

heat.

upon the application of a higher degree of heat will liberate ammoniaand a boron containing ion, winding the carrier about a coil of hairupon a curler and providing a covering for the carrier, and applyingheat adjacent the carrier and the hair so as to gradually raise thetemperature thereof to said higher degree of heat to provide in thespace within the covering an excess of carbon dioxide and thereafter todecompose the material which releases ammonia.

13. A hair treating composition, including a material which upon theapplication of heat will liberate a substance capable of combining withammonia and a material which upon the application of a higher degree ofbeat will liberate ammonia and a boron conbe decomposed upon theapplication of a.

higher degree of heat.

15. A hair treating composition, including a relatively small amount ofammonium b0 12. A method of treating hair, which in

